448 research outputs found
Machine Learning with Abstention for Automated Liver Disease Diagnosis
This paper presents a novel approach for detection of liver abnormalities in
an automated manner using ultrasound images. For this purpose, we have
implemented a machine learning model that can not only generate labels (normal
and abnormal) for a given ultrasound image but it can also detect when its
prediction is likely to be incorrect. The proposed model abstains from
generating the label of a test example if it is not confident about its
prediction. Such behavior is commonly practiced by medical doctors who, when
given insufficient information or a difficult case, can chose to carry out
further clinical or diagnostic tests before generating a diagnosis. However,
existing machine learning models are designed in a way to always generate a
label for a given example even when the confidence of their prediction is low.
We have proposed a novel stochastic gradient based solver for the learning with
abstention paradigm and use it to make a practical, state of the art method for
liver disease classification. The proposed method has been benchmarked on a
data set of approximately 100 patients from MINAR, Multan, Pakistan and our
results show that the proposed scheme offers state of the art classification
performance.Comment: Preprint version before submission for publication. complete version
published in proc. 15th International Conference on Frontiers of Information
Technology (FIT 2017), December 18-20, 2017, Islamabad, Pakistan.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8261064
Job Stress of Academia and its Effect on their Performance in Public Sector Universities of Punjab
The study was aimed to examine the job stress of academia and its effects on their performance in public sector universities of Punjab. The objectives were to identify the nature of job stress, factors responsible for job stress, and relationship between job stress and performance of academia. There were nine regions in the Punjab. Seven universities representing each region were the population of the study. These universities were, PU from Lahore, BZU from Multan, PMAS-Arid from Rawalpindi, UOS form Sargodha, UOG from Gujrat, IUB from Bahawalpur and GCU from Faisalabad. Stratified random sampling techniques were used and strata were made with respect to the population of the study. A sample of 373 academic heads, 434 academia and 1008 students were taken for study. It was concluded from the results that academia stress is multiple factor construct, and these entire factors associated with each other’s. It is also found from academia job stress negatively effect on their performance. It was recommended from results that university as an organization may conduct need assessment program for academia to explore the causes of their stress and dissatisfaction
Link adaptation for MC-CDMA radio interface
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Association of hypoadiponectemia with smokeless/dipping tobacco use in young men
Background: Low levels of adiponectin, an adipocytokine with anti-diabetic, antiatherogenic and cardioprotective
properties, is associated with increased risk of coronary disease in young men. Previous studies have demonstrated
that smokeless tobacco is linked with a reduction of plasma adiponectin levels. However, the influence of
smokeless tobacco (dipping tobacco) on plasma adiponectin levels still remains unknown. This study was
conducted to assess the plasma adiponectin levels in young men who were using dipping tobacco.
Methods: This was a community based study, which consisted of 186 young lean healthy males aged 20 to
35 years. Among these, 96 men were dipping tobacco users (BMI = 23.07 ± 2.68) and 90 were non-dipping
tobacco users (BMI = 23.67 ± 1.46). Serum adiponectin levels were assessed by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent
Assay (ELISA).
Results: A statistically significant difference in the mean adiponectin level between tobacco dipper and non-dipper
groups was observed (p = 0.0001). A significant difference between the two groups was also observed in
baseline parameters including triglyceride and random blood sugar levels (p < 0.05). However, no significant
difference was observed between the two groups in other clinical parameters.
Conclusions: Findings of this study suggest that dipping tobacco use was significantly associated with low
level of adiponetin in community dwelling young males. This emphasizes the importance of developing
community intervention to reduce the use of dipping tobacco, which will reduce the tobacco associated
disease burden in the community and will improve public health
Visual Crowd Analysis: Open Research Problems
Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable surge in interest in
automated crowd monitoring within the computer vision community. Modern
deep-learning approaches have made it possible to develop fully-automated
vision-based crowd-monitoring applications. However, despite the magnitude of
the issue at hand, the significant technological advancements, and the
consistent interest of the research community, there are still numerous
challenges that need to be overcome. In this article, we delve into six major
areas of visual crowd analysis, emphasizing the key developments in each of
these areas. We outline the crucial unresolved issues that must be tackled in
future works, in order to ensure that the field of automated crowd monitoring
continues to progress and thrive. Several surveys related to this topic have
been conducted in the past. Nonetheless, this article thoroughly examines and
presents a more intuitive categorization of works, while also depicting the
latest breakthroughs within the field, incorporating more recent studies
carried out within the last few years in a concise manner. By carefully
choosing prominent works with significant contributions in terms of novelty or
performance gains, this paper presents a more comprehensive exposition of
advancements in the current state-of-the-art.Comment: Accepted in AI Magazine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf
of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligenc
Comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants for ropivacaine in ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block for post caesarean analgesia
Background: Transversus abdominis plane block is an important regional anaesthesia technique for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section. Addition of adjuvants to local anaesthetic in TAP block helps in improving the duration of analgesia. Objective of current study was to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to 0.2% ropivacaine in USG guided TAP block for duration of postoperative analgesia in caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: A total of 75 pregnant patients belonging to ASA I-II scheduled for caesarean section were included and divided into three groups; Group I-0.2% Ropivacaine plus normal saline, Group II-0.2% Ropivacaine plus 50 mcg clonidine and Group III-0.2% ropivacaine plus 50 mcg dexmedetomidine. The patients were compared for duration of analgesia, total      number and amount of rescue analgesia utilized in 24       hours.Results: The mean duration of analgesia was found to be more (statistically significant p<0.05) and number as well as amount of rescue analgesic doses were reduced in group III as compared to group I and group II.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a better alternative to clonidine as adjuvant for 0.2% ropivacaine in USG guided TAP block to extend the duration of postoperative analgesia and decreased 24-hour analgesic requirement in caesarean section
Hierarchical deep learning-based adaptive time-stepping scheme for multiscale simulations
Multiscale is a hallmark feature of complex nonlinear systems. While the
simulation using the classical numerical methods is restricted by the local
\textit{Taylor} series constraints, the multiscale techniques are often limited
by finding heuristic closures. This study proposes a new method for simulating
multiscale problems using deep neural networks. By leveraging the hierarchical
learning of neural network time steppers, the method adapts time steps to
approximate dynamical system flow maps across timescales. This approach
achieves state-of-the-art performance in less computational time compared to
fixed-step neural network solvers. The proposed method is demonstrated on
several nonlinear dynamical systems, and source codes are provided for
implementation. This method has the potential to benefit multiscale analysis of
complex systems and encourage further investigation in this area
Comparison of Ketamine and Pentazocine with Fentanyl and Propofol combination for anaesthesia during laparoscopic tubal ligation
Background: Laparoscopic tubal ligation have advantages of minimally invasive surgical technique, without risk of major haemorrhage, early postoperative ambulation and alimentation, making it suitable for ambulatory surgery. The choice of aneasthesia for laparoscopic ligation hence should consider the anaesthetic agents with a rapid onset of action and fast recovery time, with minimal problems for intraoperative control of haemodynamic, airway and pain relief as well as take consideration of the safety, quality, efficacy, and utilization of resources available to the given situation.Methods: A total of 100 patients aged from 18 to 45 years who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic tubal ligation were divided into Group I- Ketamine plus pentazocine group (n=50), Group II- Propofol plus fentanyl group (n=50) and studied for the intraoperative parameters (hemodynamic and respiratory profile), recovery time, postoperative side effects and discharge time.Results: Intraoperatively MAP and HR were consistently higher in group I as compared to group II. Incidence of apnea and need for bag and mask ventilation was significantly more in Group II than in Group I as was the incidence of Bradycardia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting, psychomimetic effects were significantly more in Group I than in Group II. The time to reach modified PADSS ≥9 (discharge time) was significantly longer in group I (140.3±12.82 min than in group II 102.2±9.2 min), P<0.01.Conclusions: Combination of ketamine and pentazocine gives good anaesthetic conditions during procedure with less incidence of airway and haemodynamic complications intraoperatively but more incidence of postoperative side effects like nausea, vomiting, psycomimetic effects, and time to meet discharge criteria, compared to propofol plus fentanyl
Contegra valved conduit in the paediatric population: an exciting prospect for right ventricle to pulmonary artery reconstruction; experience and outcomes at Aga Khan University
Objective: The focus of this study is to share the experience and outcomes of Contegra graft implantation in the paediatric and adult population in Pakistan. Methods: Between May 2007 and July 2011, 16 patients, underwent implantation of a Contegra valved conduit. All operations were performed through a median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. Indications included: Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (n=11), Tetralogy of Fallot with absent Pulmonary Valve (PV) syndrome (n=2), double outlet right ventricle, transposition of great arteries and pulmonary stenosis (n=1), isolated aortic valve disease (n=1) and a pseudo-aneurysm with infective endocarditis (n=1).Conduit sizes varied between 16-22 mm. Results: The three in hospital deaths were unrelated to the Contegra valved conduit. One patient was lost to follow up. Of the 12 survivors, 10 are currently free from re-operation or complications related to the conduit while one needed distal pulmonary artery dilatation owing to critical stenosis and another had severe Valvular regurgitation. Echocardiographic evaluation of the Contegra valved conduit demonstrated no haemodynamically significant valve regurgitation in 10 patients. Conclusion: In this small review of 16 operations using the Contegra valved conduit for Right Venticular Outflow Tract (RVOT) reconstruction in the paediatric population, we observed good post operative results concerning conduit function. The Contegra conduit provides an excellent substitute to the homograft with satisfactory early and mid-term results though long term results are awaited in Pakista
Band Based Dynamic Link Adaptation for MC-CDMA Radio Interface
This paper studies adaptive power allocation among sub-carriers in MC-CDMA. Due to intrinsic nature of MC-CDMA; Carrier Based power allocation schemes cause MAI (Multiple Access Interference) enhancements, hence fail at higher
system loads. We propose a Band Based Dynamic Link Adaptation (BBDLA) scheme that preserves orthogonality
(among users) by spreading user’s signal only over a Band of
adjacent N sub-carriers (N < Nsc 1 ) lying within coherence
bandwidth (Bc) of the channel. Hence, it allows Band Based
power allocation without causing any MAI. However, with only N orthogonal users supported on a particular Band, BBDLA essentially proposes a hybrid of FDMA with MC-CDMA where Bands and transmit powers are optimally assigned to users by Base Station (in accordance with their channel state). Optimum Band allocation for BBDLA is found to be computationally intractable hence a sub-optimal heuristic approach is proposed with equal power distribution among all assigned Bands for each user. Effect of Bc over choice of N is studied and BBDLA with suitably chosen N, is shown to outperform other published Carrier Based power allocation schemes while it maintain almost single user BER performance up to 62% of full system loadin
- …